Government Guidelines for Nutrition

Government Guidelines for NutritionSarah SlackUnit Four health Promotion and DevelopmentReferences1 Department of Health. 1991. dietingary Reference Values for FoodEnergy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Healthand Social Subjects none 41. London HMSO.2 Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2003. season andHealth. London TSO.It is important that the under-5s get enough energy (calories) for growth and development. Child criminal maintenance workers should and then be sensitive to the needs of children who are fussy eaters or small eaters and ensure that these children are offered a good variety of food that they will accept. ripen Average energy requirements in kcals (calories) per day1 year 935kcals2 historic period 1,160kcals3 years 1,430kcals4 years 1,530kcals(Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, HughesJM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet andNutrition Survey Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2Years. Volume 1. Report of the Diet)Children in a childcare setting should a lways be encouraged to eat a varied diet. They should eat foods from each of the four main food groups every day. The four main food groups areBread, cereals and potatoes produce and vegetablesMilk and dairy foods,Meat, fish and alternatives such(prenominal) as eggs, pulses (peas, beans and lentils) and soya.Vitamin C is important in maintaining good health and whitethorn live with a role in jockstraping the body to absorb iron if both nutrients are present in the same meal. Children should be encouraged to eat foods containing vitamin C at meals the like fruit and fruit juices.Children who do not eat meat should have a varied diet containing foods such as cereals, pulses (peas, beans and lentils), vegetables and fruits.Children need nutritious snacks in the midst of meals. The best snacks are those which are low in sugar. A variety of snacks should be offered including fruit, vegetables, milk, yoghurt, every character reference of bread, and sandwiches with savoury fillings.Wh en planning menus in a childcare setting you must consider children who have special needs. close to children may have particular dietary requirements or may need specific help with eating.Sarah SlackFood unsuitable for young children and babiesThere are many different foods which are unsuitable for young children and babies, such asSaltSalt faecal matter be dangerous for babies as it can damage their kidneys. Salt should never be added to babies food. Stock cubes or gravy are high in salt so they should be avoided when making homemade food for babies. Pre-packaged food can contain high amounts of salt so the packaging should always be checked to ensure the salt intake isnt too high.The table below shows the guidelines provided by the Food Standards Agency for salt consumption popsicleSugar is the tip consume of tooth decay in young children. Milk teeth which start to come through when a child reaches the age of around 6 months are very susceptible to acid erosion from sugars. R esearch suggests that children are more sugar sensitive than adults, and the effects are more pronounced in younger children, according to Dr. Keith Conners, author of Feeding the Brain. This could be related to the fact that the brain grows rapidly in the preschool years, exaggerating the effects of sugar on behavior and learning. dulcorateHoney can contain a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum which can produce toxins in a babys intestines, leading to baby botulism, which is a very serious illness. The symptoms includeConstipationThe child not wanting to feed or eatSuffering from lethargyThese symptoms can take some(prenominal) months to appear after the spores have been consumed as the spores grow in the babes gastro- intestinal tract and as they grow the toxins are released into the blood stream. Once an infant reaches the age of one the intestines baffle to develop good bacteria which are able to fight off the bacteria.NutsWhole nuts, including peanuts, should never be precondition to children under five as they can choke on them. As long as theres no history of food allergies or former(a) allergies in a family a baby can be given peanuts once theyre six months old as long as they are crushed or ground into peanut butter.1% of the population are tinted by a peanut allergy and children that have a sibling which is affected have a greater risk of being affected themselves.Low fat foodsFat is an important source of calories and some vitamins for babies and young children. Until the age of two years children should be given whole fat milk, cheese, oily fish, yogurt and fromage frais. After the age of two the amount of fat in a childs diet can gradually be decreased.EggsEggs should never be given to babies under 6 months old. Babies have a delicate intestinal system and they can react to the protein found in eggs. They can be given to babies over six months old, but they must be cooked until both the ovalbumin and yolk are solid to prevent salmonella which can be very dangerous for young children.Saturated fatA child should never be given too many foods that are high in saturated fat such as crisps, chips, cheap burgers and cakes.Raw molluscRaw shellfish can increase the risk of food poisoning so its should never be given to young babies and young children. They can contain salmonella bacteria which causes food poisoning.Swordfish, shark and marlinThe amount of mercury in these fish can affect a babys growing nervous system so they should never be given to babies and children. Regular consumption above the recommended limits of fish containing high amounts of mercury can lead to a toxic build up and it can have a devastating effect on the central nervous system of babies and children, causing impairments with movements and cognitive brain function by excision of essential neurons.Sarah SlackRecord form for Dietary RequirementsChilds full name ..Start date .Address .Home telephone tote up.Mobile..D.O.BMale/Female AgePlease gi ve any details of your childs dietary requirements including any food allergiesPlease give a detailed list of any food or drink which your child CAN NOT haveIn the unlikely case that your child consumes any of these items please give details of any treatment that should be givenI confirm that I will keep the nursery staff apprised if any of the needs or allergies detailed on this form change or are no longer applicable.Signed.ParentPrint Name.Signed.Child care providerPrint Name.Sarah SlackCoeliac DiseaseCoeliac disease is intolerance to gluten and it is thought to affect around 1 in 100 people in the United Kingdom. It can affect people of all ages.Eating foods containing gluten can cause symptoms such asDiarrhoeaBloatingFeelingtired all the time, this is due to notgetting enough nutrients from food. Gluten can damage the lining of the intestines which prevents the absorption of nutrients from food. If this happens, a child can become malnourished and grow at a poor rateFlatulence type AB painWeight lossGluten is found in any food that contains wheat, rye and barley cereals, includingPastaCakesBreakfast cerealsMost types of breadCertain types of saucesSome types of ready mealsAny children with this condition should never be given these foods and the food they do eat should be well documented and checked for any gluten products. possible long-term complications includeOsteoporosis(weakening of the bones)Iron deficiency (anaemia)Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anaemiaSarah SlackChronic Childhood DiseasesThere are unlike chronic diseases suffered by children which can have an effect on their mental and physical development.Some chronic childhood diseases that can effect development areDiabetesAsthma rational palsyCystic FibrosisDiabetesDiabetes is a condition that prevents the body from properly using energy from food. It affects around 3.2 Million people in the UK.It occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin, or when the pancreas produces insulin, bu t it is resisted by the body. It is a lifelong condition that causes a persons blood sugar level to become too high.There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the bodys immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. As no insulin is produced, glucose levels increase, which canseriously damage the bodys organs. example 1 diabetes is often knownas insulin-dependent diabetes. Its as well as sometimesknown asjuvenile diabetes because it usually develops before during theteenage years.If you are diagnosed withtype 1 diabetes, you will needinsulin injections for the rest of your life.Type 2 diabetes is where the body doesnt produce enough insulin, or the bodys cells dont react to insulin. This is known asinsulin resistance.Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes.If youre diagnosed withtype 2 diabetes, you may be able to control your symptoms by simply eating a hearty diet, exercising regularly,and monitoring your blood glucos e levels.Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity. Obesity related diabetes is more common in older people.Diabetes can have various complications that can incapacitate development in children. These include diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy.diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. Its caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive waver at the back of the eye. It can impair a childs vision which can have a knock-on effect with their development, both physically and intellectually.Diabetic neuropathy can affect nerves in many different parts of the body. The most common early symptoms of the condition are numbness, tingling, or sharp var. in the feet or lower legs. Because nerve damage can happen anywhere in the body, problems can occur in almost any organ system, including the digestive tract, urinary system, eyes, and heart.AsthmaAsthma is a common long-term condition that can cause coughing, wheezing, chest tigh tness and breathlessness. Asthma typically appears in childhood and around 1 in 10 children are affected.Asthma symptoms can get gradually or suddenly worse. This is known as an bronchial asthma attack. During an attack the airways become inflammed and narrow which constricts the childs breathing. Some allergies such as pet hair and pollen cause trigger an attack.Asthma can hamper emotional and intellectual development depending on the severity of the disease. If a child has to miss time off school due to frequent asthma attacks this could cause the child to fall behind on school work and also important socialising. The attacks may also be frightening for the child which can affect them emotionally. This could lead to anxiety and stress which in turn could impact on a childs life when growing up. cerebral PalsyCerebral palsy is caused by a problem in the parts of the brain responsible for controlling muscles. The conditioncan occur if the brain develops abnormally or is damaged bef ore, during or shortly after birth.Causes of cerebral palsy includeAn infection caught by the mother during pregnancyBleeding in the babys brainChanges in the genes that affect the brains developmentA difficult or premature birthMany can children suffer visually and may have hearing impairment. It may also affect learning and delay growth. A child with cerebral palsy may be slower in achieving important developmental goals, such as learning to crawl, walk or speak.Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection. It can lead to inadequate growth due to poor digestion which is a result of malnutrition.Symptoms usually begin in early childhood and include persistent cough, wheeze, repeated chest infections, malabsorption of food and general ill health. Treatments include antibioti cs, physiotherapy, and mucus thinning medicines, pancreatic enzyme replacements and other therapies. It is a life threatening condition.BibliographyReferencesDepartment of Health. 1991. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects zero(prenominal) 41. London HMSO.Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2003. Salt andHealth. London TSO.Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes JM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2 Years. Volume 1. Report of the Dietwww.gdalabel.co.ukwww.diabetes.co.ukPractical and Nutritional guidelines, Dr Helen Crawleywww.kon.org.ukwww.asthma.org.ukwww.patient.co.uk